Isfahan University of Medical SciencesDental Research Journal1735-33279320120821Genotoxicity effects of nano bioactive glass and Novabone bioglass on gingival fibroblasts using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay): An in vitro study10911091ENMohammadTavakoliEnsiyehBateniTorabinejad Dental Research Center and Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. nc_bateni@yahoo.comMansourRismanchianMohammadhosseinFathiAliDoostmohammadiAzimRabieiHojatSadeghiMahmoodEtebariMinaMirian20120821Background: The greater surface of bioactive glass nanoparticles presents an incomparableand promising feature similar to the biological apatite. Nanoparticles improve cellular adhesion,enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and increase biomineralization for periodontalregeneration and dental implants. Considering the fact that interaction between periodontal cellsand bone graft materials are important for periodontal lesion regeneration, the present studywas undertaken to investigate the genotoxicity of a novel synthesized nanoscale bioactive glassand compared it with Novabone bioglass in periodontal fibroblasts cells, in order to approve thebiocompatibility of nano bioactive glass.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, periodontal C165 fibroblasts cellswere cultured in their logarithmic phase and the genotoxicity of novel synthesized bioactive glassnanoparticles and Novabone bioglass was studied in different concentrations and a control groupusing Comet assay test. By using Autocomet software, three parameters (Tail length, %DNA in tail,Tail moment) were analyzed; the genotoxicity of mentioned biomaterials and control group. Obtaineddata were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software, Kruskal Wallis H and Mann Whitney tests (P = 0.05).Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the concentrationsof Novabone bioglass (P value = 0.085) with control group and novel nano bioactive glass(P value = 0.437) with control group in the evaluation of %DNA in tail parameter. There wassignificant difference between genotoxicity of novel nano bioactive glass and control, and betweenNovabone bioglass and control group in concentrations of 4 and 5 mg/ml. According to significance ofthe mean difference, novel nano bioactive glass showed higher genotoxicity compared to Novabonebioglass in the concentration of 5 mg/ml (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study have demonstrated that novel nano bioactive glass had nogenotoxicity in concentrations lower than 4 mg/ml. Nanoparticles have a higher surface area incomparison to microparticles and thus, the amount and rate of ion release for nanoparticles areextremely higher. This difference is the main reason for the different genotoxicity of nano bioactiveglass and micro Novabone bioglass in the concentrations higher than 4 mg/ml.Key Words: Biocompatibility, comet assay, fibroblast cell, genotoxicity, nano bioactive glass