Email this article The antibacterial activity of “Satureja hortensis” extract and essential oil against oral bacteria
Abstract
Background: Recently, there has been an increasing growth in research on medical plant’s
effect on dental plaque bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial
effects of Satureja hortensis extract and its essential oil (EO) on Streptococcus salivarius¸
Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus mutans as important bacteria in early supragingival
dental plaque formation.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, different concentrations of S. hortensis extract
and its EO were prepared using double dilution method. The disc diffusion method was used to
determine antibacterial activity. Based on these measurements, the minimal inhibitory concentration
value was reported for each bacterium. Antibiotics used as positive controls in this study were
erythromycin (15 μg) and tetracycline (30 μg). t‑test and ANOVA were used for statistical
analysis (P < 0.05).
Results: Aqueous and methanolic extract did not show significant antibacterial activity, but the
EO significantly inhibited the growth of the test bacteria compared to positive control (P < 0.05).
High concentrations of EO processed greater antimicrobial effects against three oral bacteria than
other low concentrations (P < 0.0001). For S. mutans, the inhibition effect of tetracycline 30 µg was
similar with 50% (P = 0.789) and 25% (P = 0.158) dosages of the EO. For S. salivarius, the effect of
tetracycline 30 µg was similar to 50% dosages of the EO (P = 0.122). For S. sanguis, the effect of
erythromycin 15 µg was lower than 50% (P = 0.0006) and 25% (P = 0.003) dosages of the EO. The
inhibition effects of all concentrations of EO were higher for S. sanguis. S. salivarius and S. sanguis
are more sensitive than S. mutans to S. hortensis EO.
Conclusion: Due to the strong antibacterial effect of S. hortensis EO on the oral bacteria growth,
it can be served as herbal mouth rinse, while to confirm this antibacterial effect, further clinical
studies are necessary.
Key Words: Satureja, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis
effect on dental plaque bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial
effects of Satureja hortensis extract and its essential oil (EO) on Streptococcus salivarius¸
Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus mutans as important bacteria in early supragingival
dental plaque formation.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, different concentrations of S. hortensis extract
and its EO were prepared using double dilution method. The disc diffusion method was used to
determine antibacterial activity. Based on these measurements, the minimal inhibitory concentration
value was reported for each bacterium. Antibiotics used as positive controls in this study were
erythromycin (15 μg) and tetracycline (30 μg). t‑test and ANOVA were used for statistical
analysis (P < 0.05).
Results: Aqueous and methanolic extract did not show significant antibacterial activity, but the
EO significantly inhibited the growth of the test bacteria compared to positive control (P < 0.05).
High concentrations of EO processed greater antimicrobial effects against three oral bacteria than
other low concentrations (P < 0.0001). For S. mutans, the inhibition effect of tetracycline 30 µg was
similar with 50% (P = 0.789) and 25% (P = 0.158) dosages of the EO. For S. salivarius, the effect of
tetracycline 30 µg was similar to 50% dosages of the EO (P = 0.122). For S. sanguis, the effect of
erythromycin 15 µg was lower than 50% (P = 0.0006) and 25% (P = 0.003) dosages of the EO. The
inhibition effects of all concentrations of EO were higher for S. sanguis. S. salivarius and S. sanguis
are more sensitive than S. mutans to S. hortensis EO.
Conclusion: Due to the strong antibacterial effect of S. hortensis EO on the oral bacteria growth,
it can be served as herbal mouth rinse, while to confirm this antibacterial effect, further clinical
studies are necessary.
Key Words: Satureja, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis
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