A comparative survival analysis of high viscosity glass ionomer restorations using conventional cavity preparation and atraumatic restorative treatment technique in primary molars: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

 Background :This randomized clinical trial (RCT) aimed to compare the 3‑year survival rates of high
viscosity glass ionomer restorations (HVGIC) using conventional cavity preparation and atraumatic
restorative technique (ART) in primary molars.
Materials and Methods: In this RCT, 139 schoolchildren aged 6–9 years with dentinal caries in
primary molars were randomly allocated to groups, i.e. the ART group and the conventional group,
utilizing a random number generator. Adequate allocation concealment was done. Intervention
was delivered using standard procedure and GC Fuji IX ART HVGIC was used as restorations in
both the groups. Analysis was carried in 92 participants, and survival rates in both the groups were
compared at 12, 24, and 36-month intervals. IBM SPSS software was utilized to analyze the time
taken for the procedure and the Kaplan–Meier estimate was used to assess the survival rates.
P value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The ART took longer to complete (16.48 ± 2.02 min) versus conventional rotary
instrumentation (13.15 ± 1.32 min). The conventional method was slightly superior as compared
to ART; excellent survival rates (i.e. >90%) were achieved in both groups at the end of 12‑month
follow‑up with no significant differences at the end of 24 and 36 months as evident from Kaplan–
Meier estimate (P = 0.255).
Conclusion: Three‑year follow‑up showed that GIC restorations with ART and conventional method
carried out using GC Fuji IX ART HVGIC were acceptably successful, substantiating the use of ART
for the primary dentition in areas with high caries prevalence and limited access to dental care.
Key Words: Dental atraumatic restorative treatment, dental care for children, glass ionomer
cements, molar, survival analysis