Optimizing orthodontic results with low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound: A literature review

Abstract

Low‑intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has gained recognition as a noninvasive, Food and Drug
Administration‑approved therapeutic modality with diverse clinical applications, including in
orthodontics. This review aims to summarize the benefits and mechanisms of LIPUS in various
aspects of orthodontic care. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple
databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library), focusing on randomized
controlled trials, clinical studies, and experimental research from 2004 to 2024. LIPUS has been
shown to significantly accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, reduce treatment duration by
up to 49%, and improve patient compliance. It works by enhancing bone remodeling, stimulating
osteoblast and osteoclast activity, and increasing the expression of bone‑forming and resorptive
proteins. LIPUS also addresses orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption, promoting
the repair of cementum and reducing root damage through mechanisms involving osteoprotegerin
and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa–ligand signaling. Furthermore, LIPUS is effective in
alleviating pain associated with orthodontic treatments by promoting tissue healing and reducing
inflammation. In orthognathic surgery, LIPUS accelerates bone regeneration and tissue recovery,
improving outcomes such as reduced swelling and enhanced bone healing. The application of LIPUS
also supports the stability of miniscrews, a critical factor in orthodontic anchorage, by increasing
bone‑screw contact and reducing screw mobility. In addition, LIPUS enhances the effectiveness
of functional orthopedic treatments in growing patients with skeletal malocclusions, promoting
mandibular growth and improving treatment outcomes. Overall, LIPUS proves to be a promising
adjunct in orthodontics, with wide‑ranging benefits including accelerated tooth movement,
reduced root resorption, pain relief, and improved surgical recovery, making it an effective tool in
contemporary orthodontic practice.
Key Words: Functional appliances, inflammatory root resorption, low‑intensity pulsed
ultrasound, miniscrew stability, orthodontics, orthognathic surgery, pain relief, tooth movement

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Fereshteh Najarzadegan: Pubmed,Google Scholar