Isfahan University of Medical SciencesDental Research Journal1735-33279120120218Biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate and three new endodontic cements: An animal study896896ENMohammad-GhasemAminozarbianMasoudBaratiImanSalehiDepartment of Endodontics and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. saimonella@yahoo.comSeyed BehrouzMousavi20120218Background: Introducing new endodontic cements should await comprehensive investigationsand new formulations have to be tested in vivo before applying in human beings. So, the purposeof this study was to compare the biocompatibility of new endodontic cements, calcium aluminateα-aluminate cement (CAAC), calcium aluminate α-aluminate plus cement (CAAC plus), and amixture of wollastonite and CAAC cement (WOLCA) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), insubcutaneous connective tissue of rats.Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 7, 14, and30 experimental days. Sterile polyethylene tubes were filled with MTA, CAAC, CAAC Plus, andWOLCA cement and implanted subcutaneously. Empty tubes were implanted as negative control.After the experimental periods, animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdosing. The occurrenceof inflammatory responses was scored according to the previously established scores. Data werestatistically analyzed using Friedman, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The levelof significance was 5% (P<0.05).Results: There was a statistically significant difference between experimental and negative controlsites in each group (P<0.05). CAAC Plus showed the highest mean scores of inflammation, comparedwith MTA, CAAC, and WOLCA cement sits at the end of all periods (P<0.05). There were nostatistically significant differences between inflammatory scores of each site in different experimentalgroups, except CAAC plus sites, in which inflammation increased significantly with time (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, biocompatibility of CAAC and WOLCAcement were comparable with that of MTA, but CAAC Plus induced an inflammatory responsehigher than MTA, therefore is not biocompatible.Key Words: Biocompatibility, mineral trioxide aggregate, new endodontic cement, sodiumhexametaphosphate