Effect of milk and yogurt on streptococcus sobrinus counts and caries score in rats

Abstract

Background: An anti-cariogenic diet containing probiotics can be effective in caries prevention. This

animal study compared the effects of milk and yogurt on Streptococcus sobrinus counts and caries score.

Materials and Methods: A total of 36 male rats were infected with S. sobrinus (27,607) and divided

into three groups. Group A and B received 200 mL of milk and 100 g of yogurt per day, respectively,

and a control group received 2.5 mL of NCP number 2 diet twice daily for 21 days. After killing the

animals, their lower left jaws were removed and sonicated to quantify the colonies of S. sobrinus.

Dental caries was scored using Keyes technique. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis,

Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon-Signed Rank tests. Statistical signifi cance was set at P < 0.05.

Results: The mean (±standard error of the mean) of S. sobrinus colonies in the milk, yogurt

and control groups were determined at 119666.67 (±20733), 46416.666 (±12846) and 163,250

(±33493), respectively. Microbial counts decreased in the yogurt group compared with the milk and

control groups (P = 0.004 and P = 0.000; respectively). There were signifi cant differences between

caries scores of smooth surfaces in the milk and yogurt groups compared with the control group

(P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively). Both milk and yogurt signifi cantly reduced caries score of

fi ssured surfaces compared with controls (P = 0.004 and P = 0.000, respectively).

Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this study, yogurt administration reduces S. sobrinus

counts. In addition, yogurt and milk regimens reduce the caries scores of smooth and fi ssured surfaces.

Key Words: Dental caries, milk, Streptococcus sobrinus, yogurt