Clinical and radiographic assessment of mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide as apexification agents in traumatized young permanent anterior teeth: A comparative study

Abstract

Background: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and
traditionally used calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in inducing root end formation of immature roots
of traumatized young permanent anterior teeth.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 22 nonvital, immature permanent maxillary
incisors. Samples were allotted into two groups – Group I MTA and Group II Ca(OH)2 Success rate
was determined based upon the time duration required for apical barrier formation. The canals were
obturated using gutta‑percha points in MTA group, after 24 h, whereas in Ca(OH)2 group, obturation
was carried out after radiographic confirmation of the apical barrier. The clinical and radiographic
evaluation was carried out at a follow‑up periods of 3, 6, and 9 months and statistical analysis was
carried out by SPSS version 15.0 statistical analysis software (Chi‑square test and fisher exact test).
Results: In MTA Group, barrier formation was observed in 90.90% of the patients after 9 months
whereas in Ca(OH)2 Group, the same was observed in 81.81%. The mean time required for barrier
formation in MTA group was 4.90 months and 5.33 months in Ca(OH)2 group.
Conclusion: MTA and Ca(OH)2, as medicaments for apexification, were comparable in terms
of the evaluation parameters. However, MTA was beneficial in terms of immediate obturation of
immature roots with wide open apices.
Key Words: Apexification, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregate