Effect of locally delivered doxycycline as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis in smokers: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta‑analysis and trial sequential analysis

Abstract

Background: Scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of periodontitis may be less effective
in some patients. This study evaluated the effectiveness of local doxycycline as an adjunct to SRP
among smokers with periodontitis compared to SRP alone in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Materials and Methods: For this systematic review and meta‑analysis, PubMed and Scopus
databases were searched till November 2018 for English publications. RCTs that compared the
effect of local doxycycline adjunct to SRP among smokers with periodontitis were selected. Patient
characteristics, disease characteristics, and outcome data on clinical attachment level (CAL) and
periodontal probing depth at 1, 3‑ and 6‑month follow‑up was extracted. Quality of selected
studies was assessed by the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Random effects model and trial
sequential analysis were performed. GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence.
P > 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Five trials were included in the review. Local use of doxycycline as an adjunct to SRP was
effective in gain of 1.1 mm (0.47–1.74, P = 0.091) in CAL at 6 months calculated from two studies.
The evidence was of low quality, and at least a total of 866 patients are required for conclusiveness.
Conclusion: Local doxycycline as an adjunct to SRP significantly improved clinical attachment in
smokers with periodontitis and can be recommended. Studies are required with long‑term follow‑up
and patient‑related outcome data.