Ions release evaluation and corrosion of titanium mini‑implant surface in response to orthokin, oral B and chlorhexidine mouthwashes

Abstract

Background: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of three types of
mouthwash (orthokin, oral B and chlorhexidine [CHX]) on re leasing of aluminum (Al), Titanium (Ti)
and Vanadium (V) ions from titanium mini‑implants (TMIs).
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, a total of 40 TMIs were divided equally
into four groups (10 TMI in each group) and then were immersed into Orthokin, Oral B, CHX,
and artificial saliva, as a control. The experiments were performed for 21 days as following groups
1–7 days, 8–14 days, and 15–21 days. The inductively coupled plasma‑optical emission spectrometry
method was used to assess releasing metal ions after immersion in the storage media. In addition,
before and after each experiment, the corrosion of TMIs was assessed using a scanning electron
microscope (SEM). All results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, followed by Bonferroni‑adjusted
Mann–Whitney U‑test at 0.05 level of significance.
Results: Our data showed that the maximum concentration of released Al was in the 1st week of
exposure to Orthokin and Oral B (202.3 ± 68.5 and 72.3 ± 15.2 μg/L, respectively). Oral B exposure
of TMI also caused to releasing of Ti to 128.1 ± 42.5, 54 ± 19.4 and 22 ± 6 μg/L for 1–7 days and
8–14 days and 15–21 days, respectively. Orthokin and CHX also induced the release of Ti more
than artificial saliva (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant statistical difference between any
types of mouthwashes and artificial saliva in releasing V. The results of SEM images also confirmed
the corrosion effects of mouthwashes.
Conclusion: The factors of exposure time and mouthwash type influenced the pattern of releasing
Al and Ti as well as corrosion level.
Key Words: Corrosion, mouthwashes, scanning electron microscopy, titanium alloy tial6 v4