Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on physical and antimicrobial properties of resin‑modified glass ionomer cement

Abstract

Background: To improve the limitations, many modifications in the resin‑modified glass
ionomer (RMGI) composition have been proposed. In this study, we evaluated the effect of different
concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles incorporated into RMGI cement on its physical
and antimicrobial properties.
Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, ZnO nanoparticles with 0–4 wt.% concentrations
were incorporated into RMGI. The following tests were carried out: (a) Antibacterial activity
against Streptococcus mutans tested by disc diffusion method, (b) mechanical behavior assessment by
measuring flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM), (c) micro‑shear bond strength (μ‑SBS),
and (d) fluoride and zinc release. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests of ANOVA, t‑test,
and Tukey’s HSD post hoc in SPSS V22. The level of significancy was 0.05.
Results: In the disc diffusion method, specimens with 2 wt.% ZnO nanoparticles showed the highest antimicrobial efficacy (P < 0.05). After 1 month of water storage, no significant difference was observed in FS and FM of the samples (P > 0.05). In 2 wt.% ZnO nanoparticles group, μSBS increased in the first 7 days but decreased by 17% after one month, which showed a significant difference with
that of the control group. The fluoride release did no change in the ZnO nanoparticle‑containing group compared with the control group at all time intervals.
Conclusion: Incorporation of 2 wt.% ZnO nanoparticles into the RMGI cement adds
antimicrobial activity to the cement without sacrificing FS and fluoride release properties, while decreased μSBS.
Key Words: Flexural strength, fluorides, glass ionomer cements, microbial sensitivity tests,
zinc oxide