Comparison of antibacterial activity and fluoride release in tooth‑colored restorative materials: Resin‑modified glass ionomer, zirconomer, giomer, and cention N

Abstract

Background: Considering the important role of fluoride in preventing caries by reducing the
number and activity of cariogenic bacteria and introducing new fluoride‑releasing tooth‑colored
restorative materials, this study was performed to compare and evaluate fluoride ion release and
antibacterial activity of resin‑modified GI, zirconomer, giomer (Beautifil), and Cention N.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental in vitro study, eighty samples (20 samples in each
group) were prepared, 10 samples for fluoride testing and 10 samples for antibacterial activity. To
evaluate the release of fluoride (PPM), fluoride ion‑selective electrode was used on days 1st, 3rd, 7th,
14th, and 21st; and antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans were examined using direct
contact test by absorption of light hourly once every 5 h and days 1st, 2nd, and 7th using an ELISA
reader with a microplate reader of 800 TS at a wavelength of 630 nm. The results were analyzed
using one‑way ANOVA, Tamhane post hoc test, and paired t‑test in SPSS software (IBM, Somers, NJ,
USA) at a significant level of (P < 0.05).
Results: The release of fluoride from materials showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001).
The maximum mean of fluoride released during the 1st, 3rd and 7th days belonged to the zirconomer
group and the minimum for the giomer group. During the measurement period of light absorption
from 0 to 24 h after planting, light absorption of foursubstances together was found to be statistically
significant (P <.001). Zirconomer light absorption increased on the 7th day, unlike other substances,
but still, the minimum light absorption was related to zirconomer.
Conclusion: The highest fluoride release was in zirconomer, Cention N, fuji II LC, and giomer,
sequentially. Zirconomer showed maximum and giomer showed minimum antibacterial activities.
Key Words: Anti‑bacterial agents, beautifil restorative, dental caries resistance, fluorides